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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma
12:48

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

Published on: May 11, 2015

Neuroinflammation in advanced canine glaucoma.

Bing Jiang1, Matthew M Harper, Helga Kecova

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Molecular Vision
|November 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Advanced glaucoma in dogs involves significant gene expression changes in the retina, with decreased expression in neuronal pathways and increased expression linked to inflammation, suggesting neuroinflammation is a key factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Advanced glaucoma pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
  • Gene expression alterations in glaucoma are not well characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize gene expression changes in the canine retina with advanced glaucoma.
  • To investigate molecular events underlying advanced glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time PCR were used to analyze retinal RNA from glaucomatous and healthy canine eyes.
  • Immunolabeling assessed tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors.
  • Western blot analyses detected serum autoantibodies against retinal epitopes.

Main Results:

  • Over 500 genes showed significant expression changes in glaucomatous retinas.
  • Decreased expression was observed in genes related to synaptic transmission, cell adhesion, and calcium metabolism, many linked to retinal ganglion cells.
  • Elevated expression of inflammation-associated genes (antigen presentation, innate immunity) was noted, while some pro-inflammatory genes showed no abnormal levels.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a molecular characterization of advanced canine glaucoma.
  • Findings suggest significant retinal neuroinflammation accompanies advanced glaucoma in dogs.