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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

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Published on: April 25, 2022

miRNA-mediated functional changes through co-regulating function related genes.

Jie He1, Jin-fang Zhang, Can Yi

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Plos One
|November 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression subtly. This study reveals that by co-regulating related genes or pathways, miRNAs like miR-181b, miR-34a, and miR-20b achieve significant functional effects, explaining their biological roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in biological processes.
  • Individual miRNA regulation of genes is often mild, posing a challenge to understanding their functional impact.
  • Genome-wide miRNA microarray analysis reveals widespread gene regulation by single miRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism behind miRNA-mediated gene regulation.
  • To investigate how miRNAs induce detectable functional changes despite mild individual gene regulation.
  • To explore the roles of specific miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-34a, miR-20b) in cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics analysis of genome-wide miRNA microarray data.
  • Transfection of specific miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-34a) into Hela and HCT-116 tumor cells.
  • Cell growth assays.
  • Analysis of miR-20b-mediated osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

Main Results:

  • miR-181b and miR-34a significantly altered genes related to cell growth and death in tumor cells.
  • miR-181b promoted cell growth and inhibited cell death, while miR-34a had opposite effects.
  • miR-20b enhanced osteogenesis in hMSCs by activating BMPs/Runx2 signaling via co-repression of target genes.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs achieve significant functional outcomes through multi-target regulation of related gene groups or pathways.
  • Co-regulation by miRNAs like miR-181b, miR-34a, and miR-20b leads to additive effects, explaining their biological roles.
  • This co-regulatory mechanism is a key mode of miRNA-mediated gene regulation.