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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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First- and second-order wetting transitions at liquid-vapor interfaces.

K Koga1, J O Indekeu, B Widom

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. koga@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp

Faraday Discussions
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study defines wetting transitions between liquids and vapors, distinguishing between first- and second-order transitions. It introduces a criterion using density-functional models to classify these critical phenomena in fluid interfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Wetting phenomena are crucial in diverse scientific and industrial applications.
  • Understanding the nature of wetting transitions (first-order vs. second-order) is key to predicting interfacial behavior.
  • Existing density-functional models offer a framework for studying these transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and categorize wetting transitions based on their order.
  • To introduce a criterion for distinguishing first-order from second-order wetting transitions within mean-field density-functional models.
  • To illustrate the application of this criterion using established model systems.

Main Methods:

  • Definition of wetting transitions, including first- and second-order classifications.
  • Recalling and applying mean-field density-functional models of fluid interfaces.
  • Developing and utilizing a criterion to determine the order of wetting transitions.

Main Results:

  • A clear distinction between first- and second-order wetting transitions is established.
  • A criterion is presented for classifying wetting transitions in density-functional models.
  • Two previously studied models are re-examined to demonstrate the criterion's effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed criterion successfully distinguishes between first- and second-order wetting transitions in the examined density-functional models.
  • This work provides a theoretical basis for understanding and predicting wetting behavior at liquid-liquid-vapor interfaces.
  • The findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of interfacial thermodynamics and phase transitions.