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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+
12:30

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+

Published on: May 19, 2017

Calcium signalling in platelets and other cells.

J W Heemskerk1, S O Sage

  • 1Departments of Human Biology/ Biochemistry, University of Limburg, P.O. 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Platelets
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores calcium (Ca2+) signaling models from animal cells and their application to blood platelets. It covers Ca2+ oscillations, release mechanisms, and platelet-specific signaling pathways.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+
12:30

Monitoring ER/SR Calcium Release with the Targeted Ca2+ Sensor CatchER+

Published on: May 19, 2017

Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow
11:42

Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow

Published on: July 10, 2017

Automated Analysis of Dynamic Ca2+ Signals in Image Sequences
06:49

Automated Analysis of Dynamic Ca2+ Signals in Image Sequences

Published on: June 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is fundamental to cellular processes in various animal cells.
  • Understanding these signaling mechanisms is crucial for deciphering platelet function.
  • Existing models of Ca2+ signaling require evaluation for their applicability to blood platelets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel concepts and models of Ca2+ signaling.
  • To assess the applicability of these models to blood platelet signaling systems.
  • To discuss key Ca2+ signaling processes and their relevance to platelet function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in animal cells.
  • Comparative analysis of signaling models between general animal cells and blood platelets.
  • Discussion of specific molecular players and pathways involved in platelet Ca2+ signaling.

Main Results:

  • New Ca2+ signaling concepts and models are presented.
  • The applicability of general animal cell Ca2+ signaling models to platelets is evaluated.
  • Key platelet-specific Ca2+ signaling aspects, including kinase involvement and glycoprotein functions, are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Ca2+ signaling in platelets shares common mechanisms with other animal cells but possesses unique features.
  • Understanding these signaling pathways is vital for comprehending platelet exocytosis and procoagulant activity.
  • Further research into platelet Ca2+ signaling can reveal new therapeutic targets.