Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:29

GPI Anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

GPI-anchoring is a post-translational, reversible protein modification that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes. Such proteins are primarily present on the exoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane.
GPI-anchor structure
A sequence of 11 enzymatic reactions results in the synthesis of the complete GPI anchor consisting of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion. The hydrophobic portion comprises phosphatidylinositol, while the hydrophilic part comprises polar groups like phosphoethanolamine,...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A freeze-dried platelet-derived hemostatic agent improves hemostasis in patients with severe thrombocytopenia before and after standard platelet transfusion: Studies ex vivo in the total thrombus-formation analysis system 01.

Transfusion·2026
Same author

Cemental tear: An overlooked finding associated with rapid periodontal destruction. A case series.

Australian dental journal·2021
Same author

Diagnostic challenges in von Willebrand disease. Report of two cases with emphasis on multimeric and molecular analysis.

Platelets·2020
Same author

Towards the understanding of the UV light, riboflavin and additive solution contributions to the in vitro lesions observed in Mirasol®-treated platelets.

Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine·2019
Same author

Emicizumab for routine prophylaxis to prevent bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A.

Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998)·2018
Same author

Incomplete reversibility of platelet inhibition following prolonged exposure to ticagrelor: comment.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry
04:32

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry

Published on: June 5, 2019

Localization of GPIb/IX and GPIIb/IIIa on Discoid Platelets.

J G White1, M D Krumwiede, D K Johnson

  • 1University of Minnesota Medical School, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.

Platelets
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resting platelets show varied distribution of key receptors GPIIb/IIIa and GPIb/IX. This baseline understanding of mobile receptor organization in discoid platelets is crucial for studying platelet activation.

More Related Videos

Analyzing Platelet Subpopulations by Multi-color Flow Cytometry
08:04

Analyzing Platelet Subpopulations by Multi-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: June 10, 2025

An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers
05:43

An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers

Published on: November 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry
04:32

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry

Published on: June 5, 2019

Analyzing Platelet Subpopulations by Multi-color Flow Cytometry
08:04

Analyzing Platelet Subpopulations by Multi-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: June 10, 2025

An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers
05:43

An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The distribution of mobile receptors, including GPIIb/IIIa and GPIb/IX, on resting, discoid platelets remains unclear.
  • Previous studies focused on activated platelets, leaving a gap in understanding resting platelet receptor organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the organization of GPIIb/IIIa and GPIb/IX receptors on resting, discoid platelets.
  • To establish a baseline for receptor distribution on discoid platelets to understand activation dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Platelets were treated with cytochalasin E to maintain discoid shape.
  • GPIIb/IIIa organization was probed using fibrinogen coupled to gold particles (Fgn/Au).
  • GPIb/IX organization was assessed using antibody detection of von Willebrand factor (vWF) complexes.

Main Results:

  • vWF multimers showed a linear distribution, similar to activated platelets.
  • Gold particles for GPIb/IX complexes were more clustered on discoid platelets.
  • GPIIb/IIIa receptors showed uniform distribution on some discoid platelets, while others exhibited clumping or patchy distribution.

Conclusions:

  • The organization of GPIIb/IIIa and GPIb/IX receptors on discoid platelets varies.
  • Observed receptor patterns may be influenced by platelet surface topography or cytochalasin E treatment.
  • Understanding resting platelet receptor organization provides a baseline for studying activation-induced changes.