Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Sequential neural dynamics underlie unconscious integration and conscious perception of visual stimuli.

PLoS biology·2026

Same author

Silver bullets and sensory horizons.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026

Same author

Longitudinal associations of DNA-methylation of OXT, SLC6A4 and NR3C1 genes with the treatment response in patients with depression.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Examining the relationship between ssVEP and psychophysical measures of contrast sensitivity, grating acuity, and orientation discrimination.

iScience·2026

Same author

Re-evaluating transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS): No inhibitory effects on motor cortex across hemispheres.

Clinical neurophysiology practice·2026

Same author

Cross-trial prediction of treatment response to transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with major depressive disorder.

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Published on: July 18, 2014

When transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulates feature integration.

Johannes Rüter¹, Thomas Kammer, Michael H Herzog

¹Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. johannes.ruter@epfl.ch

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|November 4, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The brain integrates visual information flexibly in the occipital cortex. Neural interactions can persist long after visual stimuli, influencing perception and TMS responses.

More Related Videos

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Published on: July 18, 2014

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual Perception
Cognitive Science

Background:

Understanding how the brain integrates visual information over time into unified percepts remains a key challenge.
Previous research has explored visual processing but the temporal integration mechanisms are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how the brain integrates sequential visual stimuli, specifically vernier offsets, across time.
To examine the role of the occipital cortex in temporal visual integration and the impact of interstimulus conditions on perception.

Main Methods:

Presenting two vernier stimuli with opposite offset directions sequentially.
Manipulating the interstimulus interval (ISI) with either a blank screen or a grating.
Applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the occipital cortex to assess neural processing.

Main Results:

Perception of individual verniers or a fused percept depended on the ISI condition (blank vs. grating).
TMS modulated the fused vernier percept in the grating condition, but not individual vernier perception in the blank condition.
Neural representations remained vulnerable to TMS for extended periods (300 ms) after brief stimulus presentation (100 ms).

Conclusions:

The occipital cortex flexibly integrates stimulus features over time through neural interactions.
These neural interactions can significantly outlast the duration of stimulus presentation, impacting conscious perception.
A grating stimulus suppresses individual vernier signals, leading to fused percepts vulnerable to TMS modulation.