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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an organic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Easy Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients of EGFP-tagged Plasma Membrane Proteins Using k-Space Image Correlation Spectroscopy
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Easy Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients of EGFP-tagged Plasma Membrane Proteins Using k-Space Image Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: May 10, 2014

The diffusion coefficient for PGK folding in eukaryotic cells.

Apratim Dhar1, Simon Ebbinghaus, Zhen Shen

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.

Biophysical Journal
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein folding kinetics in mammalian cells are similar to in vitro conditions. Despite slow cellular diffusion, protein folding dynamics are minimally impacted within the cellular environment.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Easy Measurement of Diffusion Coefficients of EGFP-tagged Plasma Membrane Proteins Using k-Space Image Correlation Spectroscopy
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Determination of Plasma Membrane Partitioning for Peripherally-associated Proteins
11:11

Determination of Plasma Membrane Partitioning for Peripherally-associated Proteins

Published on: June 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein folding is crucial for cellular function.
  • Understanding protein folding within the crowded cellular environment is challenging.
  • Previous studies suggest cellular constraints may affect protein dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the folding kinetics of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) in mammalian cells versus aqueous buffer.
  • To investigate the influence of the cellular environment on protein folding dynamics.
  • To determine if cellular diffusion rates impact protein folding relaxation times.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fluorescently labeled phosphoglycerate kinase construct.
  • Measured folding kinetics in 30 mammalian cells and in aqueous buffer.
  • Analyzed folding relaxation times (τ) and fitted kinetics to the functional form exp[-(t/τ)(β)].
  • Assessed protein energy landscape perturbations and diffusion-controlled barrier crossing.

Main Results:

  • Protein folding kinetics in cells and buffer followed a similar functional form.
  • The average folding relaxation time (τ) in cells was approximately twice that in aqueous buffer.
  • Analysis indicated that only a portion of the τ variation was due to changes in the protein's energy landscape.
  • Diffusion controlling protein folding barrier crossing was found to be nearly as fast in cells as in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular environment minimally perturbs the protein folding energy landscape.
  • Protein folding dynamics are largely preserved within mammalian cells despite slower translational diffusion.
  • The study highlights the efficiency of intracellular processes in facilitating protein folding.