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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

Fine tuning gene expression: the epigenome.

Davoud Mohtat1, Katalin Susztak

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Seminars in Nephrology
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic traits, like DNA methylation, alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence. Understanding epigenetics and genetics may help study complex diseases like kidney disease.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
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Published on: May 5, 2023

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Epigenomics
  • Systems Biology
  • Human Disease Research

Background:

  • Epigenetic traits are inherited phenotypes without DNA sequence alterations.
  • Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modification) affect gene transcription by altering chromatin accessibility.
  • Environmental factors influence epigenetic marks, mediating genotype-environment interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetics in understanding complex human diseases.
  • To highlight the potential of integrating genetics, epigenomics, and systems biology.
  • To investigate the relationship between genotype, environment, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epigenetic mechanisms and their influence on gene expression.
  • Discussion of the interplay between environmental factors and epigenetic modifications.
  • Emphasis on the application of systems biology tools.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications provide a layer of variation influencing gene expression.
  • Environmental factors dynamically alter epigenetic marks.
  • Integration of multi-omics data with systems biology offers novel research avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is crucial for understanding inherited traits and disease variability.
  • Combining genetics, epigenomics, and systems biology can advance human disease research.
  • Further investigation into epigenetic mechanisms is vital for studying complex conditions like kidney disease.