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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Related Experiment Video

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Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models
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Published on: March 24, 2019

Functional gene expression profiling in yeast implicates translational dysfunction in mutant huntingtin toxicity.

Eran Tauber1, Leonor Miller-Fleming, Robert P Mason

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified novel genes that suppress Huntington disease (HD) toxicity in yeast. These findings implicate translation dysfunction in HD pathology and suggest targeting translation may offer therapeutic benefits for Huntington disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder.
  • It is caused by polyglutamine tract expansion in the huntingtin (htt) protein.
  • Identifying therapeutic targets is crucial for HD treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes and networks involved in Huntington disease pathogenesis.
  • To uncover potential therapeutic targets for Huntington disease.
  • To investigate the role of translation in Huntington disease.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated gene expression profiling and functional genetic screening in yeast.
  • Utilized mRNA profiling to identify differentially expressed genes in response to mutant htt toxicity.
  • Performed genetic screening to identify novel suppressors of mutant htt toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Identified genes differentially expressed in response to mutant huntingtin (htt) toxicity.
  • Discovered 12 novel suppressors of mutant htt toxicity, including genes in stress response and transport pathways.
  • Generated a gene network enriched in rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis, implicating translation dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunction of translation is implicated in Huntington disease pathology.
  • Pharmacological manipulation of translation may offer therapeutic potential for Huntington disease.
  • The study provides novel insights into HD pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.