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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Tuberculous optochiasmatic arachnoiditis.

A Anupriya1, M Sunithi, T Maya

  • 1Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Neurology India
|November 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis (OCA) is a complication of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Young women with high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein are more prone to developing OCA, even during treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) can lead to serious complications affecting the optic nerve and chiasm.
  • Optochiasmatic arachnoiditis (OCA) is a recognized, yet understudied, complication of TBM.
  • Understanding predictors and clinical course of OCA is crucial for timely intervention in TBM patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate clinical features, CSF parameters, and imaging findings in TBM patients with OCA.
  • To identify predictive factors for the development of OCA in the context of TBM.
  • To assess the outcomes of OCA treatment in TBM patients.

Main Methods:

  • A 6-year retrospective study of 163 TBM patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital.
  • Clinical data, CSF analysis, and neuroimaging findings were reviewed.
  • Statistical analysis included Student's t-test, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-three (14%) TBM patients developed OCA; 78% developed it while on antituberculous treatment (ATT).
  • Predictive factors identified by multivariate analysis included female sex, age < 27 years, and CSF protein > 260 mg%.
  • At 6 months, 17% showed improvement, and 52% had no further visual acuity deterioration with steroids and ATT.

Conclusions:

  • OCA can occur in TBM patients even during antituberculous treatment.
  • Young women with elevated CSF protein levels are at higher risk for developing OCA.
  • Combined treatment with steroids and ATT may stabilize or improve visual outcomes in OCA.