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05:39
Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Published on: February 3, 2023
Targeted therapies for advanced thyroid cancer
Efisio Puxeddu1, Serena Romagnoli, Massimo Eugenio Dottorini
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. efisio.puxeddu@unipg.it
Current Opinion in Oncology
|November 4, 2010
Summary
Targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are improving outcomes for advanced thyroid cancer patients. These novel treatments show efficacy in clinical trials, offering new hope for persistent or relapsed disease.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Thyroid cancer incidence is rising, with differentiated thyroid carcinomas being most common but posing challenges in persistent or relapsed cases.
- Advanced thyroid cancers unresponsive to traditional treatments have a poor prognosis, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
- The development of molecular targeted therapies has begun to transform the treatment landscape for advanced thyroid cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the principles of molecular targeted therapies in thyroid cancer.
- To summarize recent clinical trial results for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and other targeted agents in thyroid cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature focusing on molecular targeted therapies for thyroid cancer.
- Analysis of data from Phase I, II, and III clinical trials involving TKIs and other targeted agents.
- Examination of the molecular basis for targeted drug development in cancer.
Main Results:
- Targeted drugs, particularly TKIs, are being developed based on understanding cancer's molecular events, including angiogenesis and malignant phenotype.
- Phase I, II, and III trials have evaluated the efficacy of these novel drugs in advanced thyroid cancer.
- Sorafenib (for differentiated thyroid carcinoma) and vandetanib and XL184 (for medullary thyroid carcinoma) have shown significant promise in Phase III trials.
Conclusions:
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like sorafenib, vandetanib, and XL184 are effective in treating advanced thyroid cancer.
- Second-generation TKIs and selective kinase inhibitors demonstrate even greater potential.
- A personalized pharmacogenomic approach, guided by tumor molecular profiling and drug target knowledge, will optimize future thyroid cancer treatment.
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