Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HIV incidence among sexually active young males and females in Kisumu County, Western Kenya.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Immunogenicity and safety of a measles and rubella-containing vaccine at age 6 and 9 months in Bangladesh: an open-label, randomised trial.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health·2025
Same author

Leveraging lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic for HIV.

Communications medicine·2022
Same author

Low-Dose Radiation Therapy (LDRT) for COVID-19: Benefits or Risks?

Radiation research·2020
Same author

Engineering immunity for next generation HIV vaccines: The intersection of bioengineering and immunology.

Vaccine·2019
Same author

Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection among hospitalized patients in Jingzhou city, China, 2010-2012.

PloS one·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Viral hepatitis A, B, and C: grown-up issues.

Umid M Sharapov1, Dale J Hu

  • 1Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, VH, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS G-37, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. usharapov@cdc.gov

Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews
|November 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis A, B, and C are key viral infections in North American adolescents. Diagnosis relies on serologic markers and nucleic acids, with this review detailing their epidemiology, symptoms, and management.

More Related Videos

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Adolescent Medicine

Background:

  • Viral hepatitis poses a significant global health burden.
  • Hepatitis A, B, and C are the primary concerns for adolescents in North America.
  • Clinical symptoms of acute infection are often indistinguishable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis A, B, and C in adolescents.
  • To highlight unique considerations for adolescent patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral hepatitis in adolescents.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic information.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis A, B, and C infections present similarly in adolescents.
  • Diagnosis requires specific serologic markers and viral nucleic acid testing.
  • Management strategies vary by hepatitis virus type.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the distinct features of hepatitis A, B, and C is crucial for adolescent health.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are key to reducing morbidity and mortality.
  • Prevention strategies remain vital for controlling viral hepatitis transmission.