Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Drug Therapy

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The effect of age on the clinical presentation and treatment of women with psychosis: secondary analysis of the IMPaCT Randomised Clinical Trial.

BJPsych open·2025

Same author

Women's reproductive mental health: currently available evidence and future directions for research, clinical practice and health policy.

World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)·2025

Same author

Recording of HIV diagnosis in mental health records: A data linkage cohort study.

PloS one·2025

Same author

People, process, and power: implementing advance choice documents for Black people in mental healthcare.

Irish journal of psychological medicine·2025

Same author

Barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual and reproductive health services for people with severe mental illness: a systematic review.

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology·2025

Same author

Developing and testing Advance Choice Document implementation resources for Black African and Caribbean people with experience of compulsory psychiatric admission.

BMC psychiatry·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Gender differences in antipsychotic prescribing.

Shubulade Smith¹

¹Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK. shubulade.smith@kcl.ac.uk

International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)

|November 5, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding gender differences in antipsychotic treatment is crucial for optimizing outcomes in psychosis. Women may need lower doses but experience more side effects, while children, adolescents, and the elderly face higher risks.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Area of Science:

Psychopharmacology
Neuroscience
Gender Studies in Medicine

Background:

Antipsychotic medications are essential for treating psychosis but often cause adverse effects, leading to poor adherence.
Optimizing treatment requires balancing symptom relief with minimizing side effects.
Significant gender-based differences exist in response to antipsychotic medications, influenced by biological and sociocultural factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize key gender differences in antipsychotic treatment response and side effect profiles.
To inform prescribers about factors influencing optimal antipsychotic dosing and management across genders and age groups.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive review of findings from diverse sources was conducted.
The study synthesized information on gender disparities in antipsychotic treatment.

Main Results:

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations between genders impact treatment efficacy and safety.
Reproductive phases in women and lifespan considerations (pediatric, adolescent, geriatric populations) reveal distinct treatment responses.
Ethnic and racial differences also play a role in antipsychotic response.

Conclusions:

Women generally require lower antipsychotic doses than men for comparable symptom response but exhibit a higher incidence of hormonal and metabolic side effects.
Children, adolescents, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to adverse reactions from antipsychotics.
Prescribers must consider gender-specific factors to personalize treatment and improve outcomes for individuals with psychosis.