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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
09:22

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

Published on: November 4, 2015

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

William R Auger1, Nick H Kim, Terence K Trow

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. bauger@UCSD.edu

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|November 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a surgically curable condition often underdiagnosed. Early consideration and diagnosis are crucial for patient cure.

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Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
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Published on: March 17, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
09:22

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

Published on: November 4, 2015

Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
07:41

Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Published on: March 17, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses several conditions, with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) being a unique, surgically curable form.
  • CTEPH is frequently underdiagnosed, leading to missed opportunities for definitive treatment and potential cure.
  • Understanding CTEPH is vital for all healthcare providers managing patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of CTEPH, covering its epidemiology, risk factors, and natural history.
  • To detail the diagnostic approaches and preoperative evaluations necessary for identifying surgical candidates.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of thromboembolic residue formation and associated small vessel arteriopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data and risk factors associated with CTEPH development.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities for identifying pulmonary vascular obstruction and arteriopathy.
  • Analysis of surgical techniques (pulmonary endarterectomy) and supporting evidence.
  • Examination of medical therapies for non-surgical CTEPH candidates.

Main Results:

  • CTEPH is a significant cause of pulmonary hypertension with a curable surgical option.
  • Mechanical obstruction is often accompanied by small vessel arteriopathy, impacting disease severity.
  • Pulmonary endarterectomy offers a curative approach with supporting clinical data.
  • Medical therapies for CTEPH are limited, particularly for non-surgical candidates.

Conclusions:

  • CTEPH requires high clinical suspicion due to its underdiagnosis and curable nature.
  • A thorough understanding of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options is essential.
  • Pulmonary endarterectomy remains the primary curative treatment, with ongoing research into medical management for select patients.