Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

On Common Factors in Visual Illusions: A Review.

Neuropsychologia·2026

Same author

Sequential neural dynamics underlie unconscious integration and conscious perception of visual stimuli.

PLoS biology·2026

Same author

Silver bullets and sensory horizons.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026

Same author

Examining the relationship between ssVEP and psychophysical measures of contrast sensitivity, grating acuity, and orientation discrimination.

iScience·2026

Same author

When one race is not enough: A relay model explains multisensory response times.

PLoS computational biology·2026

Same author

Object Detection, Recognition, Deep Learning, and the Universal Law of Generalization.

Neural computation·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

Published on: May 10, 2012

Attention and non-retinotopic feature integration.

Thomas U Otto¹, Haluk Öğmen, Michael H Herzog

¹Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. thomas.otto@parisdescartes.fr

Journal of Vision

|November 5, 2010

Summary

Attention directs non-retinotopic feature integration in motion streams. Mandatory integration occurs with motion grouping, while attention selects streams for optional integration, revealing a hierarchical model.

More Related Videos

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

Published on: May 10, 2012

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

Features of moving objects integrate non-retinotopically along motion paths.
Mechanisms underlying this non-retinotopic feature integration remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the role of attention in non-retinotopic feature integration.
Explore how attention influences the integration of object features within motion streams.

Main Methods:

Utilized the sequential metacontrast paradigm with invisible central line offsets.
Employed an auditory cueing paradigm to manipulate attentional allocation across motion streams.
Examined feature integration in scenarios with multiple merging and non-merging motion streams.

Main Results:

Offsets in the attended motion stream integrated with the central line offset, while offsets in non-attended streams did not.
Mandatory non-retinotopic integration occurred even with delayed attentional cues.
Offsets in merging streams were integrated, but not when a stream was explicitly ignored.

Conclusions:

Propose a hierarchical two-stage model for non-retinotopic feature integration.
Motion grouping drives mandatory feature integration.
Attention selectively gates optional feature integration within specific motion streams.