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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...

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Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions
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Published on: January 31, 2018

Platelet- and megakaryocyte-derived microparticles.

Robert Flaumenhaft1, Albert T A Mairuhu, Joseph E Italiano

  • 1Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. rflaumen@bidmc.harvard.edu

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
|November 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Platelet microparticles, abundant in circulation, are generated from platelets and megakaryocytes. This review explores their formation mechanisms and functions in health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Platelet microparticles are the most common circulating cell-derived microparticles.
  • The precise mechanisms of platelet microparticle formation remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the generation of microparticles from platelets and megakaryocytes.
  • To emphasize the mechanisms of microparticle formation.
  • To highlight novel functions of microparticles in physiology and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focused on platelet microparticle formation.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying microparticle generation.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on microparticle functions.

Main Results:

  • Platelets and their precursor cells, megakaryocytes, are sources of microparticles.
  • Specific cellular processes contribute to microparticle biogenesis.
  • Microparticles play diverse roles in normal and pathological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding platelet microparticle formation is crucial.
  • Microparticles have significant implications in various physiological and disease states.
  • Further research into microparticle functions is warranted.