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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Migraine variants and beyond.

R Srinivasa1, Rahul Kumar

  • 1Department of Neurology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Bangalore.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|November 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migraine variants (MV) are diverse neurological conditions presenting with symptoms beyond typical headaches, sometimes without head pain. Understanding these variants is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of complex migraine presentations.

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Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
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Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
05:23

Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice

Published on: August 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Migraine is a common, heterogeneous neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches and associated symptoms.
  • Some migraine presentations lack typical headache, manifesting as 'Migraine Variants' (MV).
  • Migraine Variants encompass a range of paroxysmal neurological symptoms, with or without headache.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and discuss Migraine Variants (MV), including those not yet classified.
  • To highlight the diagnostic criteria for MV, emphasizing symptom history and prior migraine with aura.
  • To provide an overview of recognized and emerging MV entities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and diagnostic classifications for migraine and its variants.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for Migraine Variants (MV) based on symptom presentation and patient history.
  • Inclusion of entities recognized by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) and other common conditions.

Main Results:

  • Migraine Variants (MV) are diagnosed by paroxysmal symptoms (with or without headache) and a history of migraine with aura.
  • Several MVs, including hemiplegic, basilar, and retinal migraine, are defined in the ICHD-II.
  • Conditions like vertiginous, acute confusional, and nocturnal migraine are recognized but not yet classified in ICHD-II.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine Variants represent a spectrum of neurological phenomena associated with migraine.
  • Accurate identification of MVs is essential for appropriate patient management.
  • Further research and classification of less common MVs are warranted.