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Related Experiment Videos

Mitochondrial thyroid hormone receptor: localization and physiological significance.

K Sterling, J H Lazarus, P O Milch

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 22, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thyroid hormone binds to a protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane, acting as a receptor. This binding protein is found in various organs, supporting its biological role.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism and development.
    • The precise cellular mechanisms and receptors for thyroid hormone action are still being elucidated.
    • Mitochondria play a key role in cellular energy metabolism, influenced by thyroid hormones.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize the component responsible for high-affinity thyroid hormone binding in rat liver mitochondria.
    • To investigate the distribution of this hormone-binding component across various rat organs and in other species.
    • To assess the biological relevance of the mitochondrial binding component as a thyroid hormone receptor.

    Main Methods:

    • Binding studies using submitochondrial fractions from rat liver.

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  • Partial purification of the hormone-binding component.
  • Analysis of the binding component's presence in mitochondria from diverse tissues and species.

    • Main Results:

    • A high-affinity, low-capacity thyroid hormone binding component was localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
    • The purified component (approx. 150,000 daltons) is a lipoprotien, composed of protein and phospholipids (lecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, cardiolipin).
    • This binding macromolecule was found in mitochondria from multiple rat organs (kidney, myocardium, muscle, etc.), rabbit kidney, and human liver/kidney, but absent in adult rat brain, spleen, and testis.

    Conclusions:

    • The inner mitochondrial membrane contains a specific receptor for thyroid hormones.
    • The organ distribution of this receptor, including its presence in neonatal brain mitochondria, supports its physiological significance.
    • This mitochondrial component represents a novel thyroid hormone receptor involved in cellular functions.