Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion as an Adequate Preconditioning Stimulus to Induce Early Ischemic Tolerance to Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Published on: May 9, 2013
Internal carotid and ipsilateral type II proatlantal artery stenoses causing simultaneous hemispheric and
Ludovic Berger1, Djelloul Gouicem, El Djoulene Lebied
1Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier UniversitaireCaen, Caen, France. berger-l@chu-caen.fr
Abstract:
A case of persistent proatlantal artery (PA) is described in a 60-year-old woman who presented with cerebellar ataxia, homonymous hemianopia, and aphasia. Both Doppler scan and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed agenesis of both vertebral arteries, 80% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA), and an anastomotic vessel between the left external carotid artery (ECA) and the left vertebral artery (LVA) with a tight stenosis at the origin. It was thought to be a type II PA. Both lesions were successfully treated by ICA endarterectomy and common carotid artery to PA bypass. This case demonstrates the clinical significance of persistent PA in the evolution of an ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
Related Concept Videos
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction
The Arch of Aorta
Encircling the heart, the coronary arteries form a ring-like structure before...
Arteries of the Head and Neck
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction
Stroke: Introduction and Types
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction
