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Related Concept Videos

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts
11:19

Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts

Published on: October 9, 2016

Design and use of constitutively active STAT5 constructs.

Michael A Farrar1

  • 1Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.

Methods in Enzymology
|November 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) is crucial for many biological functions. This chapter reviews methods for constitutively activating STAT5 to better understand its roles in cell development and metabolism.

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Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models
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Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models

Published on: March 29, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts
11:19

Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts

Published on: October 9, 2016

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models
13:47

Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models

Published on: March 29, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) is a critical transcription factor.
  • STAT5 regulates key biological processes, including stem cell homeostasis, blood cell development, and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss distinct mechanisms for rendering STAT5 constitutively active.
  • To highlight the utility of these tools in probing STAT5 biology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mice with conditional deletion of Stat5a and Stat5b genes (Stat5(FL/FL) mice).
  • Developing systems for constitutive activation of STAT5a or STAT5b.

Main Results:

  • Conditional deletion and constitutive activation systems provide powerful tools for STAT5 research.
  • These methods enable detailed investigation into STAT5-mediated biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanisms for constitutive STAT5 activation are essential for deciphering its complex roles.
  • Further research using these tools will advance understanding of STAT5 in health and disease.