Microstructural differences in the human posterior sclera as a function of age and race

Area of Science:

• Ocular biomechanics
• Glaucoma research
• Human anatomy

Background:

• The posterior sclera's microstructural organization is crucial for maintaining ocular integrity.
• Variations in scleral structure may influence susceptibility to diseases like primary open-angle glaucoma.
• Previous research has not fully elucidated age and race-related differences in posterior scleral microarchitecture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify age and race-related differences in the microstructural organization of the human posterior sclera.
• To investigate how these microstructural variations might contribute to primary open-angle glaucoma predisposition in specific populations.

Main Methods:

• Posterior-temporal scleras from 75 donors were analyzed using a light-scattering device.
• Quantified fiber alignment (eccentricity) and percentage occurrence of equatorial and meridional fiber angles.
• Analysis considered depth, sex, age (three groups), and race (African American, Caucasian) across three scleral layers.

Main Results:

• Scleral fibers were predominantly equatorially oriented across all ages, races, and layers.
• African Americans exhibited a significantly higher percentage of meridional fibers compared to Caucasians.
• Meridional fiber occurrence decreased significantly from inner to outer scleral layers.

Conclusions:

• Statistically significant microstructural differences in the posterior sclera were identified between African American and Caucasian donors.
• These findings suggest that scleral microstructural variations may play a role in the higher prevalence of glaucoma observed in African American populations.
• Further research is warranted to confirm the role of these microstructural differences in glaucoma pathogenesis.