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Lipotoxicity in diabetic nephropathy: the potential role of fatty acid oxidation

Mariana Murea1, Barry I Freedman, John S Parks

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology Section, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1053, USA. mmurea@wfubmc.edu

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
|November 6, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Genetic links between lipid toxicity and type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated nephropathy (T2DN) are explored. A specific gene variant (ACACB) may increase T2DN risk by affecting fatty acid oxidation and cellular function.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Lipotoxicity is linked to metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.
  • Genetic factors are increasingly implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated nephropathy (T2DN).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of lipotoxicity and genetic variants in T2DN.
  • To review fatty acid metabolism and its dysregulation in kidney disease.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Japanese patients.
  • Replication analyses across different ethnic groups.
  • Review of fatty acid metabolism and cellular effects.

Main Results:

  • A single nucleotide polymorphism in the acetyl-CoA carboxylase β (ACACB) gene was associated with T2DN in Japanese patients.
  • This ACACB polymorphism may be a risk allele for diabetic nephropathy in other populations.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variants, such as the ACACB polymorphism, may predispose individuals to T2DN by increasing intracellular fatty acid concentrations.
  • A novel glucolipotoxicity hypothesis for T2DN is proposed, requiring further research.

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