Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spherical Coordinates01:23

Spherical Coordinates

Spherical coordinate systems are preferred over Cartesian, polar, or cylindrical coordinates for systems with spherical symmetry. For example, to describe the surface of a sphere, Cartesian coordinates require all three coordinates. On the other hand, the spherical coordinate system requires only one parameter: the sphere's radius. As a result, the complicated mathematical calculations become simple. Spherical coordinates are used in science and engineering applications like electric and...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor01:26

Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor

A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii R1 (inner shell) and R2 (outer shell). The shells have equal and opposite charges of +Q and −Q, respectively. For an isolated conducting spherical capacitor, the radius of the outer shell can be considered to be infinite.
Conventionally, considering the symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field, calculated by...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Yield of xenodiagnosis and PCR in the evaluation of specific chemotherapy of Chagas' disease in children].

Boletin chileno de parasitologia·1998
Same author

[Percutaneous suprapubic bladder lithotripsy].

Annales d'urologie·1998
Same author

Factors associated with outcome in major depression: a 6-month prospective study.

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology·1998
Same author

[Simultaneous transplantation of fetal mesencephalic cells to the striatum and globus pallidus of rats with lesions induced by 6-hydroxydopamine].

Revista de neurologia·1998
Same author

Signs of glaucoma in rhesus monkeys from a restricted gene pool.

Journal of glaucoma·1998
Same author

The Bcl-2 gene is differentially regulated by IL-2 and IL-4: role of the transcription factor NF-AT.

Oncogene·1998

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Rotating the Intraocular Lens to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification in Cataract Surgeries
04:59

Rotating the Intraocular Lens to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification in Cataract Surgeries

Published on: July 7, 2023

Optic systems with spherical, cylindrical, and toric surfaces.

J Barcala, M C Vazquez, A Garcia

    Applied Optics
    |November 6, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents a straightforward analytical method for ray tracing in optical systems with complex surfaces. It enables accurate spot diagram generation on any section, aiding optical design and analysis.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Computational Optics
    • Geometric Optics

    Background:

    • Accurate ray tracing is crucial for optical system design.
    • Existing methods may lack flexibility for complex surface geometries and arbitrary orientations.
    • Analyzing spot diagrams on non-standard sections is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a simple analytical method for ray tracing in optical systems.
    • To provide a procedure for generating spot diagrams on arbitrarily oriented sections.
    • To illustrate the application of the method with spot diagram examples.

    Main Methods:

    • Analytical ray tracing for spherical, cylindrical, and toric surfaces.
    • Handling arbitrary rotation of meridian planes.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

    Rotating the Intraocular Lens to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification in Cataract Surgeries
    04:59

    Rotating the Intraocular Lens to Prevent Posterior Capsular Opacification in Cataract Surgeries

    Published on: July 7, 2023

  • Calculating spot diagrams on arbitrary sections and relating them to a reference plane.
  • Generating graphic representations of spot diagrams.

    • Main Results:

    • A simplified analytical method for ray tracing is established.
    • A procedure for obtaining spot diagrams on any section is provided.
    • Demonstrated the method's utility through various spot diagram visualizations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed analytical method simplifies ray tracing for complex optical systems.
    • The technique effectively generates spot diagrams on arbitrary planes, enhancing optical analysis.
    • This approach offers a valuable tool for optical designers and researchers.