Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Effects of process errors on the diffraction characteristics of binary dielectric gratings

D A Pommet, E B Grann, M G Moharam

    Applied Optics
    |November 6, 2010
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System12:08

    Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

    Published on: July 18, 2015

    Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope11:14

    Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

    Published on: May 28, 2016

    Related Concept Videos

    Interference and Diffraction02:18

    Interference and Diffraction

    Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
    Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

    Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

    A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
    Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

    Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

    Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
    Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

    Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

    Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
    X-ray Crystallography02:18

    X-ray Crystallography

    The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
    Diffraction
    Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...