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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
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Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Toward efficient binders for Li-ion battery Si-based anodes: polyacrylic acid.

Alexandre Magasinski1, Bogdan Zdyrko, Igor Kovalenko

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering and School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pure poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) shows superior performance as a binder for silicon (Si) anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Carbon-coated Si anodes with PAA binders demonstrate excellent stability over 100 cycles.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Silicon (Si) anodes offer significantly higher specific capacity than graphite for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Volume expansion during cycling presents a major challenge for Si anode stability.
  • Binder selection is critical for improving the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance of Si anodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a binder for Si anodes.
  • To evaluate the impact of carbon coating on the stability of Si anodes.
  • To explore novel binders from the polyvinyl acids (PVA) family for advanced battery applications.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical testing of Si nanopowder anodes with PAA binder (15 wt %).
  • Comparison of PAA binder performance against conventional binders like carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF).
  • Evaluation of carbon-coated Si anodes cycled between 0.01 and 1 V vs Li/Li+.

Main Results:

  • Pure PAA demonstrated superior performance as a binder for Si anodes compared to traditional binders.
  • Carbon-coated Si anodes with PAA binders exhibited excellent cycling stability for the first hundred cycles.
  • PAA's higher concentration of carboxylic functional groups contributed to improved anode stability.

Conclusions:

  • Poly(acrylic acid) is a promising binder for developing stable and high-performance Si anodes.
  • Carbon coating enhances the stability of Si anodes when used with PAA binders.
  • The findings suggest exploring other polyvinyl acids (PVA) as potential binders for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.