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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination
11:16

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Published on: August 18, 2020

Active surfaces for CO oxidation on palladium in the hyperactive state.

Mingshu Chen1, Xin V Wang, Lihua Zhang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China. chenms@xmu.edu.cn

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|November 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Palladium surfaces exhibit hyperactivity during CO oxidation under oxygen-rich conditions. Research shows a chemisorbed oxygen-rich palladium surface, not palladium oxide, drives this hyperactive state.

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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation
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Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

Published on: August 15, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination
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Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Published on: August 18, 2020

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation
06:58

Photodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation

Published on: August 15, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Surface science
  • Chemical kinetics

Background:

  • Hyperactivity in CO oxidation over noble metals (Pd, Rh, Pt) under oxygen-rich conditions leads to reaction rates 2-3 orders higher than stoichiometric conditions.
  • Previous studies indicated potential palladium oxide formation as the active surface, but this remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the active surface structure responsible for palladium hyperactivity during CO oxidation under oxygen-rich conditions.
  • To investigate the role of palladium oxide in the hyperactive state of CO oxidation on palladium surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • In situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) was used to characterize active surfaces under realistic catalytic conditions.
  • Gas-phase infrared spectroscopy monitored CO2 formation and CO depletion.
  • Isotopic labeling with 18O2 was employed to probe surface species during CO oxidation.

Main Results:

  • Hyperactivity was confirmed on Pd(100) and polycrystalline Pd foil, evidenced by significant CO2 production and CO consumption.
  • Palladium oxide on Pd(100) was found to be reduced by CO at 450 K and under CO oxidation conditions.
  • In situ IRAS and isotopic studies demonstrated that palladium oxide is NOT the active surface during hyperactivity under oxygen-rich conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The active surface responsible for CO oxidation hyperactivity on palladium under oxygen-rich conditions is a chemisorbed oxygen-rich palladium surface.
  • CO2 formation rate in the hyperactive region is limited by the mass transfer of CO to the surface.