Helicobacter spp. other than Helicobacter pylori

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Genomics

Background:

• Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters are increasingly associated with human diseases, including gastric and hepatobiliary conditions.
• Domestic animals, particularly cats and dogs, serve as reservoirs for gastric Helicobacter species, posing a potential zoonotic risk.
• Enterohepatic Helicobacters can confound biomedical research outcomes, necessitating animal screening protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in understanding the role of non-H. pylori Helicobacters in human health and disease.
• To explore the significance of animal reservoirs and their role in transmission.
• To summarize novel findings on pathogenic mechanisms, immune responses, and genomic characterization.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies published within the last 12 months.
• Analysis of research investigating bacterial presence in animals and humans.
• Examination of studies on pathogenic mechanisms, immune responses, and genomic data.

Main Results:

• Established associations between non-H. pylori Helicobacters and human diseases like Crohn's disease and sepsis.
• Confirmed cats and dogs as significant sources of gastric Helicobacter species for humans.
• Identified enterohepatic Helicobacters as confounders in biomedical research, leading to screening recommendations.
• Reported genomic advances, including the complete genome of Helicobacter canadensis and novel RNA identification.
• Provided new insights into Helicobacter spp. growth, biochemical properties, and dietary influences.

Conclusions:

• Non-H. pylori Helicobacters represent a growing concern in human and animal health.
• Further research is needed to elucidate transmission dynamics and pathogenic roles.
• Genomic and mechanistic studies are crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.