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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Preserved MHC-II antigen processing and presentation function in chronic HCV infection.

D H Canaday1, C J Burant, L Jones

  • 1GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Hospital, United States. Dxc44@case.edu

Cellular Immunology
|November 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection impairs vaccine response. This study found that antigen processing and presentation by dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes (MN) remain intact in HCV patients, suggesting other mechanisms cause vaccine unresponsiveness.

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

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Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors

Published on: July 16, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with impaired immune responses, including reduced vaccine efficacy.
  • Dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes (MN) are crucial antigen-presenting cells (APC) for initiating adaptive immunity.
  • The functional status of APCs, particularly their antigen processing and presentation capabilities, in chronic HCV infection is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antigen processing and presentation function of myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and monocytes (MN) in individuals with chronic HCV infection.
  • To determine if impaired APC function contributes to the defective vaccine response observed in chronic HCV patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel T cell hybridoma system designed to specifically measure MHC-II antigen processing and presentation.
  • Assessed the function of peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and monocytes (MN) from chronically HCV-infected individuals.

Main Results:

  • MHC-II antigen processing and presentation function were found to be preserved in both myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and monocytes (MN) from chronically HCV-infected individuals.
  • These findings indicate that the antigen-presenting capacity of these key immune cells is not compromised by chronic HCV infection.

Conclusions:

  • The defective host response to vaccination in chronic HCV infection is unlikely to be caused by an impairment in the MHC-II antigen processing and presentation function of myeloid dendritic cells and monocytes.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying vaccine unresponsiveness in chronic HCV infection.