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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Related Experiment Video

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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Visual perceptual learning induces long-term potentiation in the visual cortex.

A Sale1, R De Pasquale, J Bonaccorsi

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience CNR, I-56100, Pisa, Italy. sale@in.cnr.it

Neuroscience
|November 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual perceptual learning (PL) enhances synaptic responses in the primary visual cortex (V1). This study shows practice-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in rat V1, demonstrating plasticity at early sensory processing stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Skill learning involves neural plasticity, potentially at early sensory processing stages.
  • The role of primary visual cortex (V1) neuronal plasticity in visual perceptual learning (PL) remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visual perceptual learning (PL) is associated with neuronal plasticity in the primary visual cortex (V1).
  • To provide evidence for long-term potentiation (LTP) in V1 following visual training.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were trained to discriminate between gratings of different spatial frequencies.
  • Field potentials in V1 slices were measured to assess synaptic response changes.
  • Input/output curves were analyzed to detect shifts in synaptic transmission.

Main Results:

  • Practice-induced visual PL in rats led to a leftward shift in V1 input/output curves, indicating enhanced synaptic transmission.
  • This potentiation of synaptic transmission occurred in both vertical and horizontal connections within V1 (mimicry).
  • Visual PL occluded further LTP induction, suggesting a shared underlying mechanism (occlusion).

Conclusions:

  • Visual perceptual learning is accompanied by long-term potentiation (LTP) in the primary visual cortex (V1).
  • These findings demonstrate that neural plasticity, including LTP, can occur at the earliest stages of sensory processing.
  • Learning-induced changes in V1 highlight its role in perceptual skill acquisition.