Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

Implicit Memories

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...

Storage

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...

Understanding Memory

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

[A seroepidemiologic analysis of hepatitis B in Sichuan province].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2009

Same author

[Efficacy and safety of drospirenone-ethinylestradiol on contraception in healthy Chinese women: a multicenter randomized controlled trial].

Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi·2009

Same author

RGS5, a hypoxia-inducible apoptotic stimulator in endothelial cells.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2009

Same author

Theory and experiment of a fiber loop mirror filter of two-stage polarization-maintaining fibers and polarization controllers for multiwavelength fiber ring laser.

Optics express·2009

Same author

Selective binding and highly sensitive fluorescent sensor of palmatine and dehydrocorydaline alkaloids by cucurbit[7]uril.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2009

Same author

Abatement of toluene from gas streams via ferro-electric packed bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma.

Journal of hazardous materials·2009

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

Parallel contributions of distinct human memory systems during probabilistic learning.

Kathryn C Dickerson¹, Jian Li, Mauricio R Delgado

¹Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience & Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. kdickers@pegasus.rutgers.edu

|November 9, 2010

Summary

The hippocampus and striatum work in parallel during probabilistic learning. These brain regions interact synergistically, especially when expectations are violated, aiding learning and decision-making.

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Distinct memory systems, mediated by the medial temporal lobe (hippocampus) and basal ganglia (striatum), support declarative and nondeclarative learning.
Understanding the interaction between these memory systems is crucial for explaining goal-directed behavior.
Current hypotheses debate whether hippocampal-striatal interactions are competitive or parallel during learning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional connectivity between the striatum and hippocampus during probabilistic learning in humans.
To determine if these memory systems interact in a parallel or competitive manner.
To explore the role of prediction error signals in hippocampal and striatal activity.

Main Methods:

Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a probabilistic learning task.
Task manipulation included cue difficulty (easy/hard) and learning type (feedback/observation).
Granger causality analysis assessed functional connectivity; a reinforcement learning algorithm modeled prediction error signals.

Main Results:

Regions of interest in the striatum and hippocampus showed similar blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses regardless of learning type.
Functional connectivity between these regions was confirmed using Granger causality analysis.
Activity in both the striatum and hippocampus correlated positively with prediction error signals during feedback learning.

Conclusions:

Human memory systems, including the hippocampus and striatum, operate in parallel during probabilistic learning.
These systems interact synergistically, particularly when expectations are violated, to enhance learning and decision-making.
Findings support a parallel processing model for distinct memory systems in complex learning scenarios.