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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.

Hiroki Tsujita1, Caryn E Plummer

  • 1Department of Small and Large Animal Sciences, Comparative Ophthalmology Service, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100126 Gainesville, FL 32610-0126, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|November 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular squamous cell carcinoma (cancer eye) is a common cattle tumor in North America, causing economic losses. This review covers affected animals, contributing factors, and proposed treatments for this significant agricultural disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), or "cancer eye," is a primary epithelial neoplasm.
  • It is the most prevalent malignant tumor in cattle across North America.
  • OSCC significantly impacts the beef and dairy cattle industries due to economic losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of animals most commonly affected by OSCC.
  • To identify factors believed to contribute to the development of OSCC.
  • To summarize proposed treatment options for OSCC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on OSCC in animals.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data regarding prevalence and geographic distribution.
  • Compilation of information on risk factors and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of OSCC is higher in southwestern US regions and areas with increased sunlight exposure.
  • UV radiation is a significant suspected factor in OSCC development.
  • Affected animals are typically older cattle, particularly those with depigmented ocular skin.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding OSCC characteristics and risk factors is crucial for disease control.
  • Effective management strategies could significantly improve cattle industry economics.
  • Further research into preventative measures and advanced treatments is warranted.