Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparative complication rates of titanium vs carbon fiber intramedullary nails in pathologic long bone fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of orthopaedics·2026

Same author

A cross-sectional study of diversity in regional anesthesia and acute pain medicine fellowships.

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie·2025

Same author

Analgesic Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine: Comment.

Anesthesiology·2025

Same author

Radical Resection of a Radial Ewing Sarcoma and Ulnar Centralization in a 10-Month-Old Girl: A Case Report.

JBJS case connector·2025

Same author

Evolving Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine fellowship application process: a program director survey.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2024

Same author

Case Reports: The Very Foundations of Medical Research.

A&A practice·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

Published on: June 8, 2021

Anesthesia for patients undergoing orthopedic oncologic surgeries.

Michael R Anderson¹, Christina L Jeng, James C Wittig

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.

Journal of Clinical Anesthesia

|November 9, 2010

Summary

Anesthetic planning for orthopedic oncology surgery requires careful consideration of patient co-morbidities and procedure specifics. This review outlines anesthetic approaches for these complex surgical cases, focusing on intraoperative and postoperative care.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

Published on: June 8, 2021

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Oncology
Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

Orthopedic oncology surgery presents unique anesthetic challenges due to patient co-morbidities and treatment side effects.
Procedures can be lengthy, complex, and require specific positioning to minimize blood loss.

Purpose of the Study:

To review anesthetic approaches for patients undergoing orthopedic oncologic procedures.
To highlight key considerations for preoperative evaluation and anesthetic planning.

Main Methods:

This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge and best practices.
Focuses on anesthetic management strategies for orthopedic oncology patients.

Main Results:

Anesthetic planning must account for chemotherapy/radiation effects and patient co-morbidities.
Various anesthetic techniques can provide intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia.
Defining thromboprophylaxis and analgesic adjuvants is crucial.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive anesthetic planning is essential for successful orthopedic oncology surgery.
Tailored anesthetic strategies improve patient outcomes in this population.