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Fluid Pressure

Fluid Pressure

In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
According to Pascal's law, a fluid at rest will generate equal pressure in all directions. This pressure is measured as a force per unit area, and its magnitude depends on the fluid's specific weight or...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

Published on: September 2, 2009

Electrical power free, low dead volume, pressure-driven pumping for microfluidic applications.

Mario Moscovici, Wei-Yin Chien, Mohamed Abdelgawad

Biomicrofluidics

|November 9, 2010

Summary

A novel, low dead volume pump offers precise pressure control for microfluidics. This cost-effective, power-free device enables applications like cell aspiration and concentration gradient generation.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Fluid Dynamics
Microfluidics

Background:

Microfluidic systems require precise pressure control for various applications, including cell manipulation and analysis.
Existing pumps often have limitations such as pulsatile flow, significant dead volume, or inability to control pressure directly.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a simple, low dead volume pump for generating a wide range of positive and negative pressures in microfluidic applications.
To demonstrate the pump's utility in critical microfluidic tasks, including cell aspiration and biophysical characterization.

Main Methods:

The pump utilizes a syringe-based system to alter confined air volume, generating pressure or vacuum.
Pressure generation ranges from -95 to +300 kPa with a resolution of 1 Pa.
The system was validated through applications such as osteoblast aspiration, Young's modulus determination, concentration gradient generation, and droplet formation.

Main Results:

The developed pump achieves precise pressure and vacuum generation (-95 to +300 kPa) with high resolution (1 Pa).
It offers near-zero dead volume and non-pulsatile flow, outperforming traditional syringe pumps in these aspects.
The pump successfully facilitated cell aspiration, mechanical property measurement, concentration gradient formation, and controlled droplet generation.

Conclusions:

This cost-effective, simple-to-construct pump provides a versatile solution for precise pressure and vacuum control in microfluidics.
Its capabilities in generating constant pressure and flow, coupled with low dead volume, make it suitable for advanced applications like biophysical cell characterization.
The power-free design and affordability enhance its accessibility for research and development in microfluidic technologies.