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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic01:20

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Do hyperactive symptoms matter in ADHD-I restricted phenotype?

Marcelo Schmitz1, Henrique Ludwig, Luis A Rohde

  • 1Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. mschmitz@orion.ufrgs.br

Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
|November 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study found that youths with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) inattentive type (ADHD-I) exhibit lower adaptive functioning and higher familial ADHD rates. The number of hyperactivity symptoms did not significantly alter these ADHD-I clinical correlates.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Behavioral Psychology

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • The inattentive presentation of ADHD (ADHD-I) is characterized by a lack of hyperactivity symptoms.
  • Research is ongoing to refine diagnostic subtypes, including a proposed restrictive inattentive type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a proposed restrictive inattentive type of ADHD.
  • To compare clinical correlates between youths with ADHD-I (with and without hyperactivity symptoms) and controls.
  • To investigate the impact of hyperactivity symptom count on the clinical presentation of ADHD-I.

Main Methods:

  • Community-based study involving youths aged 6–18 years from 12 public schools in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
  • Comparison of clinical correlates between ADHD-I groups (none vs. 3 or fewer hyperactivity symptoms) and a control group without ADHD.
  • Statistical analysis to determine significant differences in adaptive functioning, familial ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia.

Main Results:

  • ADHD-I groups demonstrated significantly lower adaptive functioning compared to controls (p < .001).
  • Familial ADHD was significantly more prevalent in ADHD-I groups than in controls (p < .001).
  • Both ADHD-I groups showed higher rates of oppositional defiant disorder than controls (p < .001), with no significant difference between ADHD-I subgroups.
  • The ADHD-I group without hyperactivity symptoms showed significant differences in generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support further investigation into distinct clinical profiles within ADHD-I.
  • Adaptive functioning and familial ADHD are significant correlates of ADHD-I, irrespective of the number of hyperactivity symptoms.
  • Comorbidities like oppositional defiant disorder are elevated in ADHD-I, while anxiety and social phobia may be more pronounced in the absence of hyperactivity symptoms.