Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2026

10:42
A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
Published on: July 30, 2017
[Olfactory dysfunctions are substantially more frequent than they are complained]
H Marschner1, H Gudziol, O Guntinas-Lichius
1Universitätsklinik Jena, HNO, Jena. heike.marschner@med.uni-jena.de
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie
|November 9, 2010
Summary
Few people with smell loss seek medical help, with only 0.05% in Jena confirmed with olfactory dysfunction. This suggests many unreported cases, highlighting the need for better medical education on olfactory disorders.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Epidemiology
- Medical diagnostics
Context:
- Olfactory dysfunction affects an estimated 20% of the population, yet few seek medical attention.
- The prevalence of unreported cases of smell disorders is presumed to be high.
- Understanding the healthcare-seeking behavior for olfactory dysfunction in a specific population is crucial.
Purpose:
- To determine the prevalence of patients seeking medical advice for olfactory dysfunction in Jena.
- To compare the rate of doctor visits for smell disorders with the estimated population prevalence.
- To assess the gap between subjective complaints and objectively confirmed olfactory dysfunction.
Summary:
- Between 1998 and 2004, 0.23% of Jena's population underwent olfactory testing.
- Only 0.08% reported subjective smell issues, and 0.05% had objectively confirmed olfactory dysfunction.
- The study found a low rate of medical consultation for olfactory dysfunction in Jena.
Impact:
- Findings suggest a significant underreporting of olfactory disorders.
- Highlights the need for increased awareness and education among medical professionals and the public regarding smell dysfunction.
- Underscores the importance of refined diagnostics and improved therapeutic strategies for olfactory disorders.
Related Concept Videos
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Olfaction
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
The olfactory...
Taste Buds and Receptors
Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation
In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion
Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...

