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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Tracking sentence planning and production.

Susan Kemper1, Daniel Bontempo, Whitney McKedy

  • 1Department of Psychology and Gerontology Center, 3090 DHDC, 1000 Sunnyside Ave., University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA. skemper@ku.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|November 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sentence planning is more demanding than production, especially for older adults incorporating long noun phrases (NPs). This study used a dual-task approach to investigate age-related differences in language processing costs.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Language production involves complex planning and execution.
  • Aging can impact cognitive functions, including language processing.
  • Understanding age-related changes in language is crucial for cognitive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in the cognitive costs associated with language planning and production.
  • To determine how sentence complexity, specifically noun phrase length, affects language processing in different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled sentence production task was employed, requiring participants to formulate sentences with specified nouns and verbs.
  • Digital pursuit rotor tracking was used as a secondary task to measure cognitive load during sentence formulation and production.
  • The length of noun phrases (NPs) and verb type were manipulated to assess their impact on performance.

Main Results:

  • Sentence planning was found to be more cognitively demanding than sentence production.
  • Increased sentence planning costs were observed when participants had to incorporate longer noun phrases (NPs).
  • Older adults experienced particular difficulty planning or producing sentences with long NPs, indicating an age-related deficit in this aspect of language processing.

Conclusions:

  • The findings highlight that sentence planning, particularly with complex structures like long NPs, is more taxing than sentence production.
  • Aging significantly affects the ability to plan and produce sentences, especially when dealing with increased linguistic complexity.
  • The dual-task paradigm effectively revealed age-related differences in sentence planning and production, underscoring the impact of aging on cognitive language functions.