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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

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High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings
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Infrared imaging of buried objects by thermal step-function excitations.

P Li, A Maad, F Moshary

    Applied Optics
    |November 10, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Sudden surface temperature changes improve buried object detection using thermal infrared imaging. This study analyzes sand surface temperature responses to buried objects, aiding identification through thermal contour analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geophysics
    • Remote Sensing
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Thermal infrared imaging is crucial for non-invasive detection of subsurface anomalies.
    • Understanding surface temperature dynamics is key to interpreting thermal signatures of buried objects.
    • Transient heating and cooling methods can enhance contrast for buried object detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally investigate sand surface temperature variations caused by buried objects.
    • To compare experimental results with theoretical simulations for validation.
    • To explore methods for object identification based on thermal imaging data.

    Main Methods:

    • Applying controlled radiation flux (heating/cooling) to a sand surface.
    • Measuring surface temperature changes over time.
    • Conducting experimental analysis and comparing with theoretical simulations.
    • Analyzing isothermal contour geometry and surface temperature rate of change.

    Main Results:

    • Sand surface temperature response is dependent on buried object composition and depth.
    • Experimental data shows good agreement with theoretical simulations.
    • Distinct isothermal contour geometries correlate with object properties.
    • The rate of surface temperature change provides valuable identification information.

    Conclusions:

    • Transient thermal methods significantly enhance buried object detection capabilities.
    • Experimental and simulation data confirm the influence of object properties on thermal signatures.
    • Isothermal contour analysis and temperature change rates are effective for object identification.