Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of a One-Week Bioengineering Outreach Activity on the Academic Perceptions and Motivation of High School Students.

Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·2026
Same author

Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa: An extended family report of the Asp-190-Tyr variant.

Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia·2025
Same author

Review: Emerging sensors and instrumentation systems for bovine health monitoring.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2025
Same author

The oncological impact of complete transurethral resection before neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Actas urologicas espanolas·2025
Same author

Allele frequency of muscular genetic disorders in bull-catching (vaquejada) quarter horses.

Journal of equine veterinary science·2024
Same author

Plasma oxylipin profile of postpartum dairy cows categorized into different systemic inflammatory grades in the first week after parturition.

JDS communications·2024
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
09:36

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Color encoding for polychromatic single-channel optical pattern recognition.

D Mendlovic, P García-Martínez, J García

    Applied Optics
    |November 10, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel single-channel system for color image recognition, encoding colors using phase and amplitude. Phase information alone proves sufficient for effective recognition in many applications.

    More Related Videos

    Transient Optical Clearing Using Absorbing Molecules for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging
    07:15

    Transient Optical Clearing Using Absorbing Molecules for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging

    Published on: July 11, 2025

    Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
    09:46

    Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

    Published on: August 19, 2013

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

    Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
    09:36

    Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

    Published on: March 19, 2016

    Transient Optical Clearing Using Absorbing Molecules for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging
    07:15

    Transient Optical Clearing Using Absorbing Molecules for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging

    Published on: July 11, 2025

    Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
    09:46

    Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

    Published on: August 19, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Image processing
    • Optical engineering
    • Computer vision

    Background:

    • Traditional multichannel systems for color image recognition are complex and resource-intensive.
    • A need exists for more efficient and simplified color recognition methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel color-encoded single-channel system for image recognition.
    • To demonstrate the efficacy of phase information for color encoding.
    • To propose a practical implementation using liquid-crystal technology.

    Main Methods:

    • A color encoding method inspired by the Munsell color system was developed.
    • Colors were encoded as phase and amplitude functions within a single channel.
    • A liquid-crystal television panel operating in phase-modulation mode was proposed for implementation.

    Main Results:

    • Computer simulations confirmed the system's capabilities.
    • The phase information component of the color code was found sufficient for good recognition results in many practical scenarios.
    • Performance was compared favorably against existing multichannel systems.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed color-encoded single-channel system offers a viable and efficient alternative to traditional multichannel approaches.
    • Phase-based color encoding presents a promising direction for simplified and effective color image recognition.
    • The liquid-crystal display implementation provides a practical pathway for realizing this technology.