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Related Concept Videos

Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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Related Experiment Video

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Published on: March 18, 2016

Turning human epidermis into pancreatic endoderm.

Pere Santamaria1, Ignacio Rodriguez-Piza, Xavier Clemente-Casares

  • 1Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. psantama@ucalgary.ca

The Review of Diabetic Studies : RDS
|November 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from keratinocytes can efficiently differentiate into pancreatic endoderm, similar to human embryonic stem (hES) cells. This finding suggests keratinocytes are a viable source for patient-specific pancreatic endoderm for transplantation.

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Published on: June 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Human embryonic stem (hES) cells differentiate into pancreatic endoderm in vitro.
  • Investigating alternative sources for pancreatic endoderm generation is crucial for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into pancreatic endoderm with efficiency comparable to hES cells.
  • To assess the potential of keratinocytes as a source for patient-specific pancreatic endoderm.

Main Methods:

  • Reprogramming human epidermal keratinocytes into iPS cells (KiPS) using Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4.
  • Comparing differentiation protocols for hES cells and KiPS cells towards pancreatic endoderm.
  • Analyzing stem cell and differentiation marker expression (e.g., Sox2, Oct4, Pdx1, Sox17) using PCR, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry.

Main Results:

  • KiPS cells and hES cells exhibited similar expression of stem cell factors Sox2 and Oct4.
  • Both cell types showed comparable gene expression changes during differentiation into definitive endoderm.
  • Differentiated cells expressed key pancreatic endoderm markers including Sox17, FoxA2, Hnf4α, Hnf1β, and Pdx1.

Conclusions:

  • Keratinocyte-derived iPS cells successfully differentiate into pancreatic endoderm.
  • The differentiation efficiency is comparable to that of hES cells.
  • Keratinocytes represent a promising source for generating patient-specific pancreatic endoderm for transplantation.