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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

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Published on: January 24, 2016

Interferon regulatory factor 4 regulates thymocyte differentiation by repressing Runx3 expression.

Yonghao Cao1, Hai Li, Yang Sun

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.

European Journal of Immunology
|November 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) impacts T-cell development in the thymus. Overexpression of IRF4 hinders CD8 T-cell maturation and function by repressing Runx3 transcription.

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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
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In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is crucial for mature T and B lymphocyte function.
  • IRF4's role in early B-cell development is established, but its function in intrathymic T-cell development is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of IRF4 in intrathymic T-cell development.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which IRF4 influences T-cell differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of IRF4 expression in thymocytes.
  • T-cell-specific overexpression of IRF4 in transgenic models.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to assess IRF4 binding to the Runx3 promoter.
  • Histone modification analysis (deacetylation).
  • Flow cytometry to evaluate thymocyte populations and surface molecule expression.

Main Results:

  • IRF4 is upregulated in TCR-signaled thymocytes and predominantly expressed in CD4 single-positive (SP) cells.
  • T-cell-specific IRF4 overexpression impairs CD8 SP thymocyte generation and maturation.
  • IRF4 represses Runx3 transcription by binding to its distal promoter and mediating histone deacetylation.
  • IRF4 overexpression phenocopies Runx3 deficiency, leading to aberrant CD4 expression and impaired CD8+ T-cell function.

Conclusions:

  • IRF4 plays a significant role in regulating Runx3 expression during T-cell development.
  • IRF4 is essential for proper CD4/CD8 thymocyte differentiation and CD8+ T-cell function.