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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
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Status epilepticus in children.

Joseph M Dooley1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, IWK Health Center, 5850 University Avenue, B3K 6R8, PO Box 3070, Halifax, Canada. Tel. +001 (902) 4708486.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|November 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Status epilepticus, a prolonged seizure event, affects children with varying incidence rates by age. Prompt treatment is crucial for seizure control and minimizing potential harm.

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Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Pediatrics

Background:

  • Status epilepticus is a medical emergency defined by prolonged or recurrent seizures without consciousness recovery.
  • Childhood incidence varies with age, peaking in infants under one year.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the epidemiology, mortality, morbidity, and management strategies for pediatric status epilepticus.
  • To emphasize the importance of an organized approach to managing prolonged seizures in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on status epilepticus incidence, outcomes, and treatment protocols.
  • Analysis of mortality and neurological morbidity rates associated with pediatric status epilepticus.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric status epilepticus incidence ranges from 2 to 50 per 100,000 children annually, varying by age group.
  • Mortality is estimated at 2.5-5%, linked to underlying causes; neurological morbidity affects less than 15% of children.
  • Most episodes are isolated events, with only 12% occurring in children with prior epilepsy diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal management requires understanding causes, appropriate investigations, and timely therapy.
  • While evidence in humans is limited, animal studies suggest longer seizures are detrimental.
  • Standardized protocols are recommended, with initial therapy often involving benzodiazepines like lorazepam, diazepam, or midazolam.