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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...

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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context
08:07

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context

Published on: March 24, 2023

[Polycythemia].

D Köhler1, D Dellweg

  • 1Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft, Schmallenberg. d.koehler@fkkg.de

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|November 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycythemia, an increase in red blood cells, often stems from chronic low oxygen levels. Treatments like oxygen therapy or ventilation can effectively reduce polycythemia by correcting hypoxemia.

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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
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Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

Published on: November 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Polycythemia is characterized by elevated hematocrit and hemoglobin levels.
  • Causes range from neoplastic conditions like polycythemia vera to reactive forms due to chronic hypoxemia.
  • Physiological polycythemia occurs in highlanders and athletes at high altitudes; erythropoietin abuse is also a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and management of polycythemia, focusing on hypoxemia-induced forms.
  • To differentiate between primary neoplastic and secondary reactive polycythemia.
  • To outline treatment strategies for hypoxemia-related polycythemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on polycythemia causes and pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of blood gas parameters (hypocapnia, hypercapnia) in relation to polycythemia.
  • Discussion of treatment modalities for different polycythemia subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Chronic hypoxemia is a frequent cause of reactive polycythemia.
  • Pulmonary issues causing hypoxemia or respiratory pump failure leading to hypoventilation can induce polycythemia.
  • Blood gas analysis is crucial for differentiating causes (e.g., hypocapnia vs. hypercapnia).

Conclusions:

  • Reactive polycythemia due to chronic hypoxemia is common.
  • Long-term oxygen therapy can treat hypoxemia-induced polycythemia with hypocapnia.
  • Non-invasive ventilation is effective for hypoventilation-induced polycythemia with hypercapnia, resolving it within weeks.