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T cells and neutrophils exhibit differential adhesion to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells
M H Thornhill1, U Kyan-Aung, T H Lee
1Rheumatology Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K.
Abstract:
In vitro adhesion assays were used to directly compare the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and T cells to endothelial cells (EC). PMN exhibited lower binding to unstimulated EC than T cells. When EC were stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) there was a large and rapid increase in adhesiveness for PMN which peaked at 4 hr. This had fallen significantly by 24 hr and by 72 hr was not significantly elevated above unstimulated adhesion. The increase in adhesiveness of cytokine-stimulated EC for T cells was smaller and more gradual than for PMN, with adhesion peaking around 8 hr and remaining significantly elevated at 72 hr. In contrast, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enhanced EC adhesiveness for T cells but not for PMN, with maximal T cell EC adhesiveness occurring 24 hr after stimulation. As leucocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium is the first step in diapedesis, differences in PMN and T-cell adhesion to EC may be important in determining the timing and composition of inflammatory infiltrates.
Insights
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and T cells show different adhesion patterns to endothelial cells (EC) upon stimulation. Understanding these differences in cell adhesion is crucial for inflammatory response research.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Inflammation Research
Background:
- Leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium is a critical initial step in diapedesis.
- Distinct leukocyte subsets may interact differently with endothelial cells during inflammatory responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To directly compare the in vitro adhesion dynamics of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) and T cells to endothelial cells (EC).
- To investigate the differential effects of various inflammatory stimuli on PMN and T cell adhesion to EC.
Main Methods:
- In vitro adhesion assays were employed to quantify the binding of PMN and T cells to EC.
- Endothelial cells were stimulated with specific cytokines (IL-1, TNF, IFN-gamma) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
- Adhesion levels were assessed at various time points post-stimulation.
Main Results:
- PMN exhibited lower basal adhesion to unstimulated EC compared to T cells.
- Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rapidly increased EC adhesiveness for PMN, peaking at 4 hours.
- Cytokine stimulation resulted in a slower, more sustained increase in T cell adhesion to EC, peaking around 8 hours and remaining elevated for 72 hours.
- Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) specifically enhanced EC adhesiveness for T cells, not PMN, with maximal effect at 24 hours.
Conclusions:
- PMN and T cells display distinct adhesion kinetics and responses to inflammatory mediators when interacting with endothelial cells.
- These differential adhesion properties likely influence the timing and cellular composition of inflammatory infiltrates.
- The findings provide insights into the regulation of leukocyte extravasation in inflammatory conditions.