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Related Concept Videos

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers, unexplained...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis
03:57

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Polyscope: a new era in flexible ureterorenoscopy.

Harbans Bansal1, Samir Swain, Girish K Sharma

  • 1Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.

Journal of Endourology
|November 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the polyscope, a new flexible ureteroscope, for diagnosing hematuria and removing small kidney stones. Its modular design offers a cost-effective, minimally invasive solution with excellent visualization and reduced infection risk.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis
03:57

Transmesenteric Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Trendelenburg Position for Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Medical Instrumentation

Background:

  • Flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) faces challenges with procedural and off-procedural damage.
  • Advancements in instrumentation are crucial for improving FURS outcomes.
  • The polyscope represents a novel development in flexible ureterorenoscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the initial clinical experience with the polyscope in flexible ureteroscopy.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of the polyscope for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Main Methods:

  • An 8F modular, steerable polyscope was utilized for diagnostic purposes and Dormia basket removal of small renal stones.
  • Twenty-two cases involved the use of three outer disposable catheters with proper sterilization.
  • Procedures included investigation of undiagnosed hematuria and removal of residual or small stones (< 1 cm).

Main Results:

  • The polyscope was employed in six cases of undiagnosed hematuria, including one biopsy revealing transitional-cell carcinoma.
  • Sixteen cases involved the removal of small renal stones (mean size 7.5 mm) using a Dormia basket.
  • Excellent vision was achieved in all procedures.

Conclusions:

  • The polyscope offers a cost-effective, modular solution for flexible ureteroscopy.
  • Disposable catheters minimize sterilization needs and reduce handling-related damage and infection risk.
  • The device provides excellent visualization and access for stone removal and can function as a semirigid ureteroscope.