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Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
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Chromatographic Methods: Terminology

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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

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Published on: September 21, 2011

Chromatographic selectivity triangles.

Andrew R Johnson¹, Mark F Vitha

¹Department of Chemistry, Drake University, 2507 University Ave, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|November 12, 2010

Summary

Selectivity triangles, used for 50 years in chromatography, help identify intermolecular interactions. While the solvent selectivity triangle (SST) has limitations, especially with water, modifications improve predictions for normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC).

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chromatography
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Selectivity triangles have been used for 50 years to characterize chromatographic phases by quantifying intermolecular interactions.
The solvent selectivity triangle (SST) is an influential model but has faced criticism for inaccurate predictions, particularly concerning water's effect and probe solute limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical development and evolution of selectivity triangles in chromatography.
To discuss the limitations of existing models and highlight advancements in characterizing chromatographic systems.

Main Methods:

Review of historical chromatographic selectivity models, including the solvent selectivity triangle (SST).
Discussion of modifications to the SST for normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC).
Examination of newer approaches like the micellar selectivity triangle (MST) and hydrophobic subtraction models.

Main Results:

The SST's inability to account for water's effects and the nature of probe solutes limits its accuracy in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC).
Modified triangle approaches for NPLC offer improved predictive capabilities due to the absence of water.
Newer methods and 3D visualization tools provide advanced ways to compare selectivities and classify chromatographic systems.

Conclusions:

Selectivity triangles are valuable tools, but their application requires careful consideration of their inherent limitations.
Advancements in selectivity triangle methodology have led to more accurate predictions and better classification of chromatographic systems.
Emerging visualization tools offer novel approaches for understanding and comparing chromatographic selectivities.