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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
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Type 2 diabetes does not attenuate racial differences in coronary calcification.

Alisha N Wade1, Sean Fedyna, Nehal N Mehta

  • 1Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, United States.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|November 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

White race predicts higher coronary artery calcification (CAC) in type 2 diabetes patients compared to African Americans. This association was stronger in men and potentially influenced by metabolic factors in women.

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Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a significant predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Prevalence of CAC appears higher in White individuals than African Americans (AAs).
  • The impact of type 2 diabetes on this racial disparity in CAC is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between race and CAC in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • To determine if type 2 diabetes modifies the observed racial differences in CAC.
  • To analyze these associations stratified by gender.

Main Methods:

  • Multivariable analyses were conducted on 861 patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • Self-reported ethnicity and CAC scores were analyzed.
  • Analyses were stratified by gender, with 32% AA and 66.9% male participants.

Main Results:

  • African American (AA) race was associated with lower CAC scores in both men and women compared to White individuals.
  • This association persisted in men after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.
  • In women, adjustment for plasma triglycerides and HOMA-IR partially attenuated the association between AA race and CAC.

Conclusions:

  • White race is a strong predictor of CAC in individuals with type 2 diabetes, relative to AA race.
  • The association between race and CAC in women with type 2 diabetes may be less robust than in men.
  • Gender differences in metabolic risk factors might explain the attenuated association in women.