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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Electronic subtracter for trace-gas detection with InGaAsP diode lasers.

X Zhu, D T Cassidy

    Applied Optics
    |November 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new electronic noise-cancellation technique significantly reduces background noise in laser-based detection systems. This method improves accuracy for atmospheric-pressure measurements using wavelength modulation and diode lasers.

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    Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface
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    Published on: January 24, 2018

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
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    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

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    Published on: March 22, 2019

    Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface
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    Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface

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    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
    09:38

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

    Published on: December 18, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Laser Spectroscopy
    • Optical Sensing
    • Electronic Engineering

    Background:

    • Second-harmonic (2f) detection is crucial for sensitive measurements but susceptible to various noise sources.
    • Optical feedback, fringes, and power supply interference degrade signal quality in laser-based systems.
    • Large wavelength modulation is often required for atmospheric-pressure detection, exacerbating noise issues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and test an electronic noise-cancellation scheme for 2f detection.
    • To reduce background signal and noise in InGaAsP diode laser systems.
    • To minimize the dynamic range requirements of lock-in amplifiers.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented a subtraction circuit comparing signal-beam and reference-beam photocurrents.
    • Utilized zero-biased detectors to minimize electronic noise.
    • Applied wavelength modulation to short-external-cavity and distributed-feedback InGaAsP diode lasers.

    Main Results:

    • Effectively reduced 2f background noise from optical feedback, fringes, and power-supply pickup.
    • Achieved a beam-noise level equivalent to 1.6 × 10(-6) line-center absorption.
    • Demonstrated a low-cost, easy-to-construct electronic circuit with a noise equivalent bandwidth of 1.25 Hz at 10 kHz.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed electronic noise-cancellation scheme is highly effective for 2f detection.
    • The technique significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio and reduces dynamic range needs.
    • This cost-effective solution enhances laser-based detection, particularly for atmospheric-pressure applications.