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Periodontal disease and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review
Alina Kunnen1, Jasper J van Doormaal, Frank Abbas
1Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. a.kunnen@ctm.umcg.nl
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|November 13, 2010
Summary
Periodontal disease, an inflammatory condition, may be linked to pre-eclampsia. However, current evidence is inconclusive, questioning a causal role and suggesting further research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Periodontology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pre-eclampsia is a significant pregnancy complication.
- Generalized inflammation is implicated in pre-eclampsia development.
- Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential association between periodontal disease and pre-eclampsia.
- To explore if periodontal disease contributes to pre-eclampsia pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to August 2010.
- Searched databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL.
- Analyzed studies for reported associations and effects of periodontal therapy.
Main Results:
- Twelve observational studies and three RCTs were identified.
- Eight observational studies suggested a positive association; four found no link.
- No RCTs demonstrated a reduction in pre-eclampsia rates following periodontal therapy during pregnancy.
- Comparisons were challenging due to varied definitions and confounding factors.
Conclusions:
- The causal role of periodontal disease in pre-eclampsia pathogenesis remains questionable.
- Observed associations may be due to pre-eclampsia influencing periodontal health or being an epiphenomenon of inflammation.
- Further large-scale RCTs and pathophysiological studies are necessary to establish causality and understand underlying mechanisms.
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