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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:06

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 29, 2017

SETting the clock for histone H4 monomethylation.

Jennifer Lee1, Pengbo Zhou

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Molecular Cell
|November 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The histone methyltransferase PR-Set7/Set8, crucial for gene regulation, is controlled by the CRL4(Cdt2) ubiquitin ligase. This regulation is dependent on PCNA, a key player in DNA replication.

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Ubiquitin-Mediated Protein Degradation
  • Chromatin Biology

Background:

  • Histone modifications, such as methylation, play a critical role in regulating gene expression.
  • PR-Set7/Set8 is a key enzyme responsible for H4K20 methylation, impacting chromatin structure.
  • The CRL4(Cdt2) ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in targeting proteins for degradation during the cell cycle.

Discussion:

  • This study elucidates the posttranslational regulation of PR-Set7/Set8, a critical histone methyltransferase.
  • The findings reveal that the PCNA-dependent CRL4(Cdt2) ubiquitin ligase targets PR-Set7/Set8 for regulation.
  • This mechanism links DNA replication (via PCNA) to epigenetic control (via H4K20 methylation).

Key Insights:

  • PR-Set7/Set8 is subject to posttranslational modification by the CRL4(Cdt2) ubiquitin ligase.

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

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In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy
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In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy
05:58

In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 6, 2024

  • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) dependence is essential for CRL4(Cdt2) mediated regulation of PR-Set7/Set8.
  • This regulatory pathway ensures proper H4K20 methylation levels during DNA replication.

    • Outlook:

    • Further investigation into the precise mechanisms of PR-Set7/Set8 ubiquitination and degradation.
    • Exploring the functional consequences of PCNA-dependent CRL4(Cdt2) regulation of PR-Set7/Set8 in various cellular contexts.
    • Potential therapeutic implications targeting this regulatory axis in diseases associated with aberrant gene expression.