Microsporidial keratitis: need for increased awareness

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Ophthalmology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Microsporidia are significant pathogens, historically impacting the European silkworm industry.
• Recent decades show increased attention to ocular microsporidiosis, especially corneal infections.
• Ocular microsporidial infections affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current knowledge on ocular microsporidiosis.
• To highlight the increasing incidence and clinical significance of microsporidial eye infections.
• To consolidate information on diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors for ocular microsporidiosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of publications on ocular microsporidiosis.
• Analysis of clinical presentations, from mild keratoconjunctivitis to severe keratitis.
• Examination of epidemiological data and risk factors, including environmental exposures.

Main Results:

• Ocular microsporidiosis can manifest as mild to severe corneal disease.
• Risk factors include exposure to soil, water, and minor eye trauma.
• High prevalence observed during rainy seasons, particularly in India and Singapore.

Conclusions:

• Ocular microsporidiosis is an emerging concern in ophthalmology.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these infections.
• Further research is needed to establish accurate prevalence data and refine treatment strategies.